Executive Summary
The report critically examines the Punjab Defamation Act 2024, focusing on its implications for freedom of expression, press freedom, fair trial rights, and democratic accountability. HRCP argues that the Act has an excessively broad scope because it extends the concept of broadcasting to social-media platforms and potentially treats bloggers, vloggers, and ordinary social-media users who create news content as journalists. The report also highlights concerns about the Act's vague definitions, severe financial penalties, procedural safeguards, and special tribunals. It notes that damages can begin at PKR 3 million and potentially reach PKR 30 million in punitive damages, alongside measures such as apologies and blocking or suspension of social-media accounts. Overall, HRCP concludes that the Act risks creating a chilling effect on journalism and public criticism, particularly criticism of public officials. The report records that the Act was challenged before the Lahore High Court on constitutional grounds, including freedom of speech under Article 19 and the right to fair trial under Article 10-A.