Policy Briefs and Reports

Published Sep 2026

Who Belongs? The Foreigners Act 1946 and Pakistan Citizenship Act 1951

The document reviews Pakistan's Foreigners Act 1946 and Pakistan Citizenship Act 1951, focusing on gaps in the protection of refugees, citizenship rights, and stateless persons. It argues that Pakistani law largely divides people into citizens and foreigners without providing an adequate legal framework for refugees. It also examines birthright citizenship, citizenship through marriage, detention, deportation, and government powers, highlighting discriminatory provisions and inconsistent court interpretations.

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Executive Summary

The document reviews Pakistan's Foreigners Act 1946 and Pakistan Citizenship Act 1951, focusing on gaps in the protection of refugees, citizenship rights, and stateless persons. It argues that Pakistani law largely divides people into citizens and foreigners without providing an adequate legal framework for refugees. It also examines birthright citizenship, citizenship through marriage, detention, deportation, and government powers, highlighting discriminatory provisions and inconsistent court interpretations.

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